45 # uruganda rukora ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bigurishwa
45 # umuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe nyuma yo kuzimya no kuvura ubushyuhe bifite imiterere yubukanishi bwuzuye kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye byingenzi byubatswe, cyane cyane bihuza inkoni, ibisumizi, ibyuma na shitingi bikora munsi yumutwaro usimburana. Nyamara, ubukana bwubuso buri hasi kandi ntibushobora kwihanganira kwambara. Kuzimya no gutuza + kuzimya hejuru birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ubukana bwibice.
Basabwe ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe: mubisanzwe 850, kuzimya 840, ubushyuhe 600.
Ibyuma 45 nicyuma cyiza cya karubone cyubatswe gifite ubukana buke no gukata byoroshye. Bikunze gukoreshwa nkibikorwa, kurasa, kuyobora post, nibindi mubibumbano, ariko bigomba kuvurwa ubushyuhe.
1. Ibyuma 45 byujuje ibisabwa niba ubukana bwayo burenze HRC55 (kugeza HRC62) nyuma yo kuzimya na mbere yo gushyuha.
Gukomera cyane mubikorwa bifatika ni HRC55 (kuzimya inshuro nyinshi kuzimya hrc58).
2. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo gutwika no kuzimya ntibushobora gukoreshwa ku byuma 45.
Ibice byazimye kandi bifite ubushyuhe bifite imiterere yubukanishi kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye byingenzi byubatswe, cyane cyane ibyo guhuza inkoni, ibisumizi, ibyuma na shitingi bikora munsi yumutwaro usimburana. Nyamara, ubukana bwubuso buri hasi kandi ntibushobora kwihanganira kwambara. Kuzimya no gutuza + kuzimya hejuru birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ubukana bwibice.
Ubuvuzi bwa Carburizing bukoreshwa mubice biremereye cyane bifite ubuso butarwanya kwambara hamwe ningaruka zidashobora kwihanganira ingaruka, kandi imyambarire yayo iruta kuzimya no gutwarwa + kuzimya hejuru. Ubuso bwa karubone ni 0.8-1.2%, naho muri rusange ni 0.1-0.25% (0.35% mubihe bidasanzwe). Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ubuso burashobora kubona ubukana bwinshi (HRC58-62), gukomera gukomeye hamwe no kurwanya ingaruka.
Niba ibyuma 45 byashizwemo karubasi, martensite ikomeye kandi yoroheje izagaragara mumyuma nyuma yo kuzimya, bizatakaza inyungu zo kuvura karburize. Carbone yibikoresho hamwe na carburizing ntabwo ari hejuru, kandi imbaraga zingenzi zirashobora kugera hejuru cyane kuri 0,30%, bikaba bidasanzwe mubisabwa. 0.35% ntabwo bigeze babona ingero, zitangizwa gusa mubitabo. Inzira yo kuzimya no gutuza + kuzimya hejuru yumurongo urashobora kwakirwa, kandi kwihanganira kwambara ni bibi cyane kuruta carburizing.
Sisitemu isabwa yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibyuma 45 byerekanwe muri GB / t699-1999 ni 850 ℃ bisanzwe, 840 ℃ kuzimya na 600 ℃ ubushyuhe, kandi imbaraga zumusaruro ni ≥ 355MPa.
Ukurikije GB / t699-1999, imbaraga zingana zibyuma 45 ni 600MPa, imbaraga zumusaruro ni 355MPa, kurambura ni 16%, kugabanuka kwakarere ni 40%, ningufu zingaruka ni 39j. 1 、 Imikorere, ibiranga imiterere nibisabwa tekinike yibice bya shaft
Ibice bya shaft nikimwe mubice bisanzwe bikunze kugaragara mumashini. Ikoreshwa cyane mugushigikira ibice byohereza, kohereza torque hamwe nu mutwaro. Ibice bya shaft bizunguruka ibice, uburebure burenze diameter. Mubisanzwe bigizwe nubuso bwa silindrike yo hanze, ubuso bwa conical, umwobo w'imbere, urudodo hamwe nisura iheruka ya shitingi. Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye, ibice bya shaft birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa optique, intambwe ikandagiye, umurongo wuzuye hamwe na crankshaft.
Igiti gifite igipimo kiri munsi ya 5 cyitwa igiti kigufi, naho igiti gifite igipimo kirenze 20 cyitwa igiti cyoroshye. Imyenda myinshi iri hagati yibi byombi.
Igiti gishyigikiwe nigitereko, kandi igice cyumutwe gihuye nicyuma cyitwa ikinyamakuru. Ikinyamakuru nicyo gipimo cyiteranirizo cya shaft, kandi ubunyangamugayo bwacyo hamwe nubuziranenge bwubuso busabwa kuba hejuru. Ibisabwa bya tekinike muri rusange byateguwe ukurikije imirimo yingenzi nuburyo akazi ka shaft, mubisanzwe harimo ibintu bikurikira:
1.Kugirango umenye aho uruzitiro ruhagaze, ikinyamakuru gifite ibikorwa byunganira ibikorwa byukuri bisaba ubusobanuro buhanitse (it5 ~ it7). Mubisanzwe, ibipimo byukuri byikinyamakuru cya shaft cyo guteranya ibice byoherejwe ni bike (IT6 ~ it9).
2.Uburinganire bwa geometrike Uburinganire bwa geometrike yibice byerekeranye ahanini nuburinganire nuburinganire bwikinyamakuru, cone yo hanze, umwobo wa Morse taper, nibindi muri rusange, kwihanganira kugarukira gusa kwihanganira ibipimo. Kubireba imbere ninyuma byizengurutswe hamwe nibisabwa byukuri, gutandukana byemewe bizashyirwa kumurongo.
3.Umwanya uhuza neza neza imyanya isabwa ibice bya shaft bigenwa cyane cyane numwanya nigikorwa cya shaft muri mashini. Mubisanzwe, ibisabwa coaxiality yikinyamakuru cyibice byoherejwe byegeranijwe ku kinyamakuru gishyigikirwa bigomba kubahirizwa, bitabaye ibyo ukuri kohereza ibice (ibyuma, nibindi) bizagira ingaruka kandi urusaku ruzabyara. Kubisanzwe bisanzwe, ibice bya radiyo yo guhuza igice cyo guhuza ikinyamakuru kugeza ku kinyamakuru gishyigikira muri rusange ni 0.01 ~ 0.03mm, naho kuri shitingi ihanitse cyane (nk'ibiti nyamukuru), ubusanzwe ni 0.001 ~ 0.005mm.
4.Ubuso bwubuso bwa diameter ya shaft ihujwe nibice byoherejwe ni ra2.5 ~ 0,63 μ m. Ubuso bwubuso bwa diametre ya shitingi ishigikira ihujwe na Ra0.63 ~ 0.16 μ m。
1.Ibice by'ibice. Ukurikije ibisabwa byo gukoresha, ubwoko bwibikorwa, imiterere yimiterere nuburyo, imiterere yubusa nkutubari no kwibagirwa birashobora gutoranywa kubice bya shaft. Kuri shaft ifite itandukaniro rito mumurambararo winyuma, usanga yiganjemo akabari; Kubirindiro byintambwe cyangwa ibiti byingenzi bifite itandukaniro rinini mumurambararo wuruziga rwinyuma, kwibagirwa akenshi biratoranywa, ntibibika ibikoresho gusa, bigabanya akazi ko gutunganya, ariko kandi binatezimbere imiterere yubukanishi.
Ukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye byakozwe, uburyo bwo guhimba ubusa burimo guhimba kubuntu no gupfa guhimba. Guhimba kubuntu bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa bito bito n'ibiciriritse, kandi gupfa gukoreshwa bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi.
2. Ibikoresho by'ibice bya shaft bigomba guhitamo ibikoresho bitandukanye ukurikije imiterere y'akazi kandi bigakoreshwa kandi bigakoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe (nko kuzimya no gutwarwa, bisanzwe, kuzimya, nibindi) kugirango ubone imbaraga, ubukana no kwihanganira kwambara.
Ibyuma 45 nibikoresho bisanzwe kubice bya shaft. Nibihendutse. Nyuma yo kuzimya no gutuza (cyangwa bisanzwe), irashobora kubona imikorere myiza yo gukata, imbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubukomezi nibindi bikoresho byubukanishi. Ubukomere bwubuso nyuma yo kuzimya bushobora kugera kuri 45 ~ 52hrc.
40Cr hamwe nibindi byuma byubatswe bikwiranye nibice bya shaft bifite uburebure buciriritse kandi bwihuse. Nyuma yo kuzimya, gutuza no kuzimya, ubu bwoko bwibyuma bufite imiterere myiza yubukanishi.
Kwitwaza ibyuma GCr15 hamwe nicyuma cyimpeshyi 65Mn, nyuma yo kuzimya no gutuza no hejuru kuzimya inshuro nyinshi, gukomera hejuru birashobora kugera kuri 50 ~ 58hrc, kandi bikagira umunaniro mwinshi kandi birwanya kwambara neza. Barashobora gukora ibiti bihanitse.
38crmoaia ibyuma bya nitride birashobora gutoranywa kugirango bizenguruke ibikoresho byimashini zisobanutse (nka gride yumusenyi wumusenyi no guhuza imashini irambirana). Nyuma yo kuzimya no gushyushya no hejuru ya nitriding, iki cyuma ntigishobora kubona gusa ubutumburuke bwo hejuru, ariko kandi kigumana intangiriro yoroshye, bityo kigira ingaruka nziza gukomera. Ugereranije nicyuma cyazimye, gifite ibiranga uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buto no gukomera cyane.
Ibyuma 45 bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukanika imashini. Iki cyuma gifite imiterere yubukanishi. Nyamara, iyi nicyuma giciriritse giciriritse gifite imikorere mibi yo kuzimya. No 45 ibyuma birashobora gukomera kuri hrc42 ~ 46. Kubwibyo, niba bisabwa gukomera hejuru kandi hakaba haribintu bya tekinike yo hejuru ya 45 # ibyuma biteganijwe ko bizashyirwa mubikorwa, ubuso bwa 45 # ibyuma bukunze gutwikwa no kuzimya, bityo ko ibikenewe hejuru yubutaka bishobora kuboneka.
