Kurwanya ruswa hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wibyuma
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buteganijwe gushyingurwa mu buryo butaziguye ni ubwoko bwumuyoboro ushyinguwe wateguwe neza hamwe nibikorwa byiza byokwirinda, umutekano no kwizerwa hamwe nigiciro gito cyumushinga. Ikemura neza ibibazo byubushyuhe bwumuriro, gusiga amavuta hamwe n’amazi adakoreshwa n’amazi y’umuyoboro ugaragara w’umuyoboro w’ubushyuhe washyinguwe mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw’ubushyuhe bukabije kuri 130 ℃ - 600 ℃ mu bushyuhe bwo hagati mu mujyi. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwatunganijwe mu buryo butaziguye umuyoboro w’ubwishingizi ntufite gusa ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere n’imikorere ifatika ntagereranywa n’umuyoboro gakondo hamwe n’umuyoboro wo hejuru, ariko kandi ufite inyungu zidasanzwe mu mibereho n’ubukungu. Nigipimo gikomeye cyo gushyushya no kuzigama ingufu. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwateguwe mu buryo butaziguye umuyoboro w’imashanyarazi washyizwe mu bikorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ry’ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya mu buryo butaziguye, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubushyuhe mu Bushinwa ryinjiye mu ntangiriro nshya.?
Umuyoboro wogukoresha amashyuza ugizwe numuyoboro wibyuma, icyuma cyimbere cya FRP nigikonoshwa cya FRP, kirangwa nuko harimo nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwokwirinda ubushyuhe bwumuriro, amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe na kashe ya elastike. Icyitegererezo cyingirakamaro gikemura neza ibibazo byubushyuhe bwumuriro, gusiga amavuta hamwe n’amazi adafite amazi yumuyoboro ugaragara wumuyoboro wateguwe ushyinguwe mu buryo butaziguye kugirango ushushe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kuri 130 ℃ - 600 ℃ mu bushyuhe bwo hagati mu mujyi.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwateguwe mbere yo gushyingura imiyoboro igizwe ahanini nibice bine.
(1). Umuyoboro w'icyuma ukora: ukurikije ibisabwa bya tekiniki yo gutanga imiyoboro iciriritse, idafite icyuma, impande zombi zirengewe na arc spiral welded umuyoboro w'icyuma.
(2). urwego rwo kubika: polyurethane ifuro.
(3). Igikonoshwa kirinda: polyethylene yuzuye cyangwa FRP.
(4). Umurongo wo gutabaza: iyo ukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwateguwe mbere yo gushyingurwa mu buryo butaziguye, umurongo wo gutabaza ushyingurwa mu cyerekezo cyegereye umuyoboro w'icyuma. Iyo kumeneka bimaze kuba ahantu mu muyoboro, impuruza irashobora gutangwa ku gikoresho kidasanzwe cyo gutahura binyuze mu kuyobora umurongo wo gutabaza, kandi umwanya nyawo hamwe n’urwego rwo kumeneka birashobora kugaragara, kugira ngo umenyeshe abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibyo gukemura kumeneka igice cyihuse, Menya neza imikorere yumurongo utanga ubushyuhe.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwateguwe neza bwashyinguwe mu buryo butaziguye - ibyiza n'ibiranga
1. Kugabanya ikiguzi cyumushinga.
Ukurikije ibarwa ry’inzego zibishinzwe, umuyoboro w’ubushyuhe bubiri ushobora kugabanya igiciro cyumushinga hafi 25% (ukoresheje FRP nkigice cyo gukingira) na 10% (ukoresheje polyethylene yuzuye cyane nkurwego rukingira).
2. Gutakaza ubushyuhe buke no kuzigama ingufu.
Umuyoboro wibyuma ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kuzigama ingufu. Iterambere nogukoresha imiyoboro yicyuma ikurura abantu benshi cyane kwisi. Nyuma y’imyaka ya za 70, ibihugu by’amahanga byita cyane ku gukora no gukoresha imiyoboro y’ibyuma bitanga ubushyuhe bw’umuriro, kandi igaharanira kugabanya cyane ingufu zikoreshwa n’ingufu, kugira ngo igabanye ibidukikije ndetse n’ingaruka za parike. Inganda zo mu mahanga zikoresha amashyanyarazi zifite amateka maremare, kandi ibikoresho bishya byo kubika amashyuza bihora bigaragara. Mbere ya 1980, iterambere ry'umuyoboro w'ibyuma bitanga ubushyuhe mu Bushinwa ryatinze cyane. Ibihingwa bike byokoresha ubushyuhe birashobora gutanga umusaruro muke wubutaka bwashyinguwe neza. Nyamara, nyuma yimyaka irenga 30 yimbaraga, cyane cyane nyuma yimyaka hafi 10 yiterambere ryihuse, ibicuruzwa byinshi byakoreshejwe cyane kandi kuva kera, kuva kumurongo umwe kugeza kubitandukanye, kuva hasi kugeza kurwego rwo hejuru. Ibikoresho bya polyurethane nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubushyuhe bwumuriro kwisi. Rigid polyurethane ifite ibintu byinshi byiza kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu Burayi no muri Amerika. Hafi ya 49% by'ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe mu bihugu byateye imbere nk'Uburayi na Amerika ni ibikoresho bya polyurethane, mu gihe mu Bushinwa, iki gipimo kiri munsi ya 20%. Kubwibyo, polyurethane yometseho ibyuma iracyafite umwanya munini witerambere mubushinwa.
1. Umuyoboro w'icyuma ukingira hanze: urinde urwego rwokwirinda isuri y’amazi yo mu butaka, ushyigikire umuyoboro ukora kandi urashobora kwikorera umutwaro runaka wo hanze kugirango ukore neza imiyoboro ikora.
2. Kurwanya ruswa: kurinda umuyoboro wibyuma byo hanze ibintu byangirika kandi ukongerera igihe cyumurimo wicyuma.
3. Kugabanya gukurura ibice: menyesha kugenda kwubusa kwaguka kwubushyuhe no kugabanuka gukonje kwicyuma gikora.
4, polyurethane ifuro ryinshi: menya ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo, kandi urebe neza ko ubuso bwumuyoboro winyuma bugumishwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
5. Inzitizi niyerekana: menya neza ko ibintu kama ifuro kama bitinjira muburyo budasanzwe kandi budashyuha. Kugaragaza igice cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
6. Umuyoboro wibyuma ukora: menya neza uburyo busanzwe bwo gutanga imiyoboro.
7. Inorganic hard insulation layer: irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, menya ubushyuhe bwimbere hagati yurwego rwimiterere kandi urebe ko ifuro ridafite karubone.
