Uruganda runini rwa diameter spiral ibyuma
a.Mugihe cyo gukora, isahani yicyuma ihindurwa neza, imihangayiko isigaye ni nto, kandi hejuru ntabwo yashushanyije. Umuyoboro wicyuma utunganijwe ufite ibintu byinshi bihindagurika mubunini no kugereranya uburebure bwa diametre hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta, cyane cyane mugukora umuyoboro wurwego rwohejuru wo hejuru wurukuta, cyane cyane umuyoboro muto muto kandi muto uringaniye, ufite ibyiza bitagereranywa mubindi bikorwa, kandi irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byinshi kubakoresha mugusobanura imiyoboro yicyuma.
b. Iterambere ryibice bibiri byamazi arc gusudira inzira irashobora kumenya gusudira kumwanya mwiza, ntibyoroshye kugira inenge nko kudahuza, gutandukana gusudira no kwinjira bituzuye, kandi biroroshye kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo gusudira.
c. Igenzura ryiza 100% rikorwa kumuyoboro wibyuma, kugirango inzira yose yumusaruro wibyuma ikorwe neza kandi ikurikiranwe neza, kandi ireme ryibicuruzwa ryizewe neza.
d. Ibikoresho byose byumurongo wose wibikorwa bifite umurimo wo guhuza hamwe na sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru ya mudasobwa kugirango hamenyekane amakuru nyayo, kandi ibipimo bya tekiniki mubikorwa byo kubyara bikurikiranwa nicyumba cyo kugenzura hagati.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma uzenguruka ugomba gukorerwa igeragezwa ry'umutungo wa mashini, ikizamini cyo gusibanganya no gutwikwa mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, kandi ugomba kuba wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mu rwego. Uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura imiyoboro igororotse yicyuma nuburyo bukurikira:
1.Urebye hejuru, ni ukuvuga, kugenzura kugaragara. Kugenzura isura yibihuru ni uburyo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa cyane. Nibintu byingenzi byo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye. Nubusanzwe gushakisha inenge hejuru yubudodo no gutandukana kurwego. Mubisanzwe, ubugenzuzi bukorwa binyuze mubireba hifashishijwe icyitegererezo gisanzwe, igipimo, ikirahure kinini nibindi bikoresho. Niba hari inenge hejuru yubudodo, hashobora kuba hari inenge imbere muri weld.
2.Ikizamini cyuburyo bwumubiri: uburyo bwo gupima umubiri nuburyo bwo gupima cyangwa kwipimisha ukoresheje ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifatika. Igeragezwa ridakoreshwa muri rusange rikoreshwa mugusuzuma inenge yimbere yibikoresho cyangwa ibihangano. NDT ikubiyemo ultrasonic flaw detection, gutahura inenge ya radiografiya, gutahura inenge, kumenya amakosa ya magneti, nibindi.
3.Ikizamini cyimbaraga zumuvuduko wumuvuduko: usibye ikizamini cyo gukomera, hagomba no gukorwa imbaraga zamato. Hariho ubwoko bubiri busanzwe: test hydrostatic test na pneumatic test. Barashobora kugerageza ubukana bwa weld yimiyoboro hamwe nimiyoboro ikora mukibazo. Ikizamini cya pneumatike kiroroshye kandi cyihuta kuruta ikizamini cya hydraulic. Muri icyo gihe, ibicuruzwa byapimwe ntibikeneye kuvurwa amazi, bikwiranye cyane nibicuruzwa bifite amazi meza. Ariko ikizamini ni akaga kuruta ikizamini cya hydrostatike. Mugihe c'ikizamini, ingamba zijyanye na tekiniki z'umutekano zigomba kubahirizwa kugirango hirindwe impanuka mugihe cyizamini.
4.Ikizamini cyo guhuzagurika: kubikoresho byo gusudira bibika amazi cyangwa gaze, inenge zidahwitse zogusudira, nko gucamo ibice, imyenge, gushyiramo ibishishwa, kwinjira bituzuye hamwe nuburyo bworoshye, urashobora kubisanga mugupima. Uburyo bwo gupima compactness burimo ikizamini cya kerosene, ikizamini cyo gutwara amazi, ikizamini cyamazi, nibindi.
5.Kwipimisha hydrostatike, buri muyoboro wibyuma ugomba gukorerwa hydrostatike nta kumeneka. Umuvuduko wikizamini ugomba kubarwa nka P = 2st / D, aho s - Ikizamini cya Stress MPa yikizamini cya hydrostatike, hamwe nikibazo cyikizamini cya hydrostatike kizatoranywa nka 60% yumusaruro muke wagenwe mubipimo byumukandara (Q235) ni 235mpa). Igihe cyo guhagarika umuvuduko: D. gusudira kuzenguruka umuyoboro wibyuma kugirango wohereze amazi bigomba gukorerwa X-ray cyangwa ultrasonic (20%).
Ukurikije ibisubizo byubuziranenge bwibisubizo byumuyoboro wibyuma, umuyoboro wicyuma usanzwe ugabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa, ibicuruzwa byasanwe nibicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa bivuga imiyoboro yicyuma izenguruka ubuziranenge bwimbere nubwiza bwimbere bwujuje ubuziranenge cyangwa tekiniki yo kwemererwa gutangwa; Ibicuruzwa byasanwe bivuga imiyoboro yicyuma ifite ubuziranenge bwimbere nubwiza bwimbere butujuje ubuziranenge nibisabwa, ariko biremewe gusanwa, kandi birashobora kuba byujuje ubuziranenge nibisabwa nyuma yo gusanwa; Ibisigazwa bivuga umuyoboro wicyuma uzenguruka ubuziranenge bwimbere nubwiza bwimbere butujuje ibyangombwa, butemerewe gusanwa cyangwa kutananirwa kubahiriza ibipimo nibisabwa nyuma yo gusanwa.
Ibicuruzwa byanduye bigabanijwemo imyanda yimbere n’imyanda yo hanze. Imyanda y'imbere bivuga imyanda izenguruka imyanda iboneka mu ruganda cyangwa mu ruganda; Imyanda yo hanze isobanura imyanda iboneka nyuma yo gutanga umuyoboro wibyuma uzunguruka, ubusanzwe ugaragara mugikorwa cyo gutunganya, gutunganya ubushyuhe cyangwa gukoresha, kandi igihombo cyacyo cyubukungu kikaba kinini cyane kuruta imyanda yimbere. Kugirango ugabanye imyanda yo hanze, imiyoboro yicyuma izenguruka mu byiciro igomba guterwa icyitegererezo cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo no kuyitunganya bikabije mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, kandi inenge zishobora kuba zifite ibyuma bya spiral zigomba kuboneka mu ruganda rukora ibyuma bya spiral hashoboka, bityo nko gufata ingamba zikenewe zo gukosora vuba bishoboka.
1) Icyuma gito kandi giciriritse igice cyicyuma, inkoni yinsinga, gushimangira, umuyoboro wicyuma cya diametre giciriritse, insinga zicyuma hamwe nu mugozi wibyuma birashobora kubikwa mumasuka ahumeka neza, ariko bigomba gutwikirwa no gusya.
2) Ibyuma bito, urupapuro rwicyuma, umurongo wibyuma, urupapuro rwicyuma cya silicon, umuyoboro muto wa diametre cyangwa urukuta ruto, ibyuma bitandukanye bikonje bikonje kandi bikonje bikurura ibyuma nibyuma bifite igiciro cyinshi kandi byangirika byoroshye birashobora kubikwa mububiko.
3)Ikibanza cyangwa ububiko bwo kubika ibicuruzwa biva mu byuma bigomba kuba ahantu hasukuye kandi hatabujijwe, kure yinganda n’ibirombe bitanga gaze cyangwa ivumbi. Ibyatsi bibi nizuba byose bizakurwa kurubuga kugirango ibyuma bisukure.
4) Igice kinini cyicyuma, gari ya moshi, isahani yicyuma, umuyoboro munini wa diameter nini, guhimba, nibindi birashobora kubikwa mumasozi.
5)Ntibyemewe guteranya aside, alkali, umunyu, sima nibindi bikoresho byangiza ibyuma mububiko. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma bigomba gutondekwa ukundi kugirango birinde urujijo no guhura kwangirika.
6)Ububiko bugomba gutoranywa ukurikije imiterere yimiterere. Mubisanzwe, ifata ububiko busanzwe bufunze, ni ukuvuga ububiko bufite igisenge, uruzitiro, inzugi zifunze n'amadirishya nibikoresho byo guhumeka.
7) Ububiko bugomba guhumeka muminsi yizuba, bugafungwa muminsi yimvura kugirango birinde ubushuhe, kandi buri gihe bikabika ahantu heza ho guhunika.
