Ubwiza nubunini bwicyuma gisudira
Umuyoboro wo gusudira udafite ingese, byitwa umuyoboro usudira mugihe gito, ni umuyoboro wibyuma bikozwe mubyuma bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubyuma cyangwa ibyuma nyuma yo kumeneka no kubumbwa nigice hanyuma bigapfa. Umuyoboro w'icyuma usudira ufite ibyiza byo gutunganya umusaruro woroheje, gukora neza cyane, ubwoko bwinshi nibisobanuro hamwe no gushora ibikoresho bike, ariko imbaraga rusange muri rusange ziri munsi yicy'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite kashe.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 1930, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bikomeza kuzunguruka no gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira no kugenzura, ubwiza bwo gusudira bwagiye bukomeza kunozwa, ubwoko n’ibisobanuro by’imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira byiyongereye, kandi imiyoboro y’icyuma idafite kashe. yasimbuwe mu mirima myinshi kandi myinshi, cyane cyane mu bikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ishushanya, imiyoboro yo hagati y’umuvuduko ukabije, n'ibindi.
Umuyoboro muto wa diametre idafite ibyuma bisudira bikozwe ubudahwema kumurongo. Umubyimba mwinshi wurukuta, niko ishoramari ryibikoresho nibikoresho bya fusion, hamwe nubukungu buke kandi bufatika. Ubunini bwurukuta ruto ni, hepfo ibyinjira-bisohoka bizaba; Icya kabiri, inzira yibicuruzwa igena ibyiza byayo nibibi. Mubisanzwe, umuyoboro wicyuma usudira ufite uburebure bwuzuye, uburebure bwurukuta rumwe, umucyo mwinshi hejuru imbere no hanze yu muyoboro (umucyo wubuso bwumuyoboro wicyuma ugenwa nuburinganire bwicyuma cya plaque), kandi urashobora kuba munini uko bishakiye. Kubwibyo, ikubiyemo ubukungu bwayo nuburanga muburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu bisobanutse neza, biciriritse kandi bito.
316L umuyoboro wicyuma usudira ni umuyoboro wibanze, bityo ufite kandi ibimenyetso byinshi nkenerwa byubukomere, harimo nibintu byinshi. Ibikurikira ni ibyerekeranye nuburemere bwa 16L ibyuma bidafite ingese. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwikizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, ubukana burashobora kugabanywamo ubukana bwa Brinell, ubukana bwa Rockwell, ubukana bwa Vickers, ubukana bwinkombe, microhardness hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije. Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers gukomera bikoreshwa mubisanzwe.
1.Ubukomezi bwa Brinell (HB) kanda umupira wicyuma cyangwa umupira wa karbide wa sima hamwe na diameter runaka hejuru yicyitegererezo hamwe nimbaraga zipimishije (f), kura imbaraga zipimisha nyuma yigihe cyagenwe cyo gufata, gupima diameter ya indentation (L) kurugero Ubuso, hamwe na Brinell gukomera agaciro nigipimo cyabonetse mugabanye imbaraga zipimisha nubuso bwa indentation. Byerekanwe muri HBS (umupira wibyuma), igice ni n / mm2 (MPA), kandi formulaire yo kubara niyi ikurikira: F - imbaraga zipimisha zashyizwe hejuru yubuso bwa 316L ibyuma bitagira umuyonga wasuditswe, N, D - diameter yumupira wibyuma kubizamini, MMD - diameter imwe ya indentation, mm. Kugena ubukana bwa Brinell birasobanutse neza kandi byizewe, ariko muri rusange HBS irakwiriye gusa kubikoresho byibyuma biri munsi ya 450N / mm2 (MPA), ntabwo ari ibyuma bikomeye cyangwa byoroshye 316L ibyuma bidafite ingese. Muri 316L ibyuma bitagira umuyonga weld, umuyoboro wa Brinell niwo ukoreshwa cyane. Indanganturo ya diameter D ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango igaragaze ubukana bwibintu, byoroshye kandi byoroshye.
Kurugero, 120hbs10 / 1000130 yerekana ko agaciro gakomeye ka Brinell gupimwa ukoresheje umupira wicyuma wa diametero 10mm ukoresheje imbaraga zapima 1000kgf (9.807kn) kuri 30s ni 120N / mm2 (MPA).
2.Ikizamini cya Rockwell (HK) Ikizamini gikomeye cya Rockwell, nkikizamini cya Brinell gikomeye, nuburyo bwo gupima indentation. Itandukaniro nuko ripima ubujyakuzimu bwa indentation, ni ukuvuga, mugikorwa gikurikiranye cyimbaraga za Yong yambere (FO) nimbaraga zose zipima (f), kanda indenter (uruganda rukora ibyuma cyangwa umupira wibyuma) hejuru yicyitegererezo, ukureho imbaraga nyamukuru zipimisha nyuma yo gusobanura igihe cyo gufata, no kubara ubukana agaciro hamwe nupima ibisigisigi byapimwe byimbitse byiyongera (E). Agaciro kayo numubare utazwi, ugereranwa nikimenyetso hr. Umunzani wakoreshejwe urimo umunzani 9 nka a, B, C, D, e, F, G, h na K. Umunzani ukunze gukoreshwa mugupima ubukana bwa 316L ibyuma bitagira umuyonga wasuditswe muri rusange ni a, B na C, ni ukuvuga HRA, HRB na HRC. Agaciro gakomeye kabarwa nuburyo bukurikira: iyo igipimo a na C bikoreshwa mugupimisha, HR = 100-e. iyo igipimo B gikoreshwa mugupimisha, HR = 130-e. muri formula, e - ibisigisigi bya indentation bisigaye byiyongera, byerekanwa mugice cyagenwe cya 0.002mm, ni ukuvuga, iyo kwimura axial ya indenter ari igice kimwe (0.002mm), bihwanye numubare ukomeye wa Rockwell impinduka.
