Uruganda rwohejuru rudafite ibyuma
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite umwanda ni umutekano, wizewe, ufite isuku, utangiza ibidukikije, ubukungu kandi urakoreshwa. Urukuta ruto rwumuyoboro hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryuburyo bushya bwizewe, bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo guhuza bituma bugira inyungu zidasubirwaho zindi miyoboro. Bizarushaho gukoreshwa mubuhanga, byinshi kandi bizwi kandi bitanga icyizere.
Kuberako ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite ibintu byinshi byiza bisabwa nibikoresho byubwubatsi, birashobora kuvugwa ko bidasanzwe mubyuma, kandi iterambere rirakomeza. Kugirango ibyuma bitagira umwanda bitagira aho bibogamiye mubikorwa gakondo, ubwoko buriho bwaratejwe imbere, kandi ibyuma bishya bidafite ingese birategurwa kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa bikenewe byubatswe byubatswe. Bitewe no gukomeza kunoza imikorere nubuziranenge, ibyuma bidafite ingese byabaye kimwe mubikoresho bihendutse byatoranijwe nabubatsi.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bihuza imikorere, isura no gukoresha ibiranga, bityo ibyuma bitagira umwanda bizakomeza kuba kimwe mubikoresho byiza byubaka kwisi.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki yo kuvugurura no gufungura Ubushinwa, ubukungu bw’igihugu bwageze ku iterambere ryihuse, kandi hubatswe amazu menshi yo mu mijyi, inyubako rusange n’ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo, ibyo bikaba bitanga ibisabwa bishya mu gutanga amazi ashyushye no gutanga amazi yo mu ngo . By'umwihariko, abantu bitondera cyane ikibazo cyubwiza bwamazi, kandi ibisabwa nabyo biriyongera. Umuyoboro w'icyuma wa Galvanised, umuyoboro rusange, uzagenda uva mu mateka buhoro buhoro bitewe na politiki y'igihugu ibishinzwe kubera kwangirika kwayo. Umuyoboro wa plastiki, umuyoboro uhuriweho hamwe nu muringa byahindutse imiyoboro isanzwe muri sisitemu. Nyamara, mubihe byinshi, umuyoboro wibyuma udafite ingese ufite ibyiza byinshi, cyane cyane umuyoboro wicyuma utagira umuyonga wicyuma ufite uburebure bwa 0.6 ~ 1.2mm gusa. Muri sisitemu y’amazi meza yo kunywa, sisitemu y’amazi ashyushye hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga amazi ishyira imbere umutekano n’isuku, ifite ibiranga umutekano, kwiringirwa, isuku, kurengera ibidukikije, ubukungu n’ibisabwa. Byagaragaye mubikorwa byubuhanga mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo ko ari imwe mu miyoboro mishya, izigama ingufu ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije ifite imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yo gutanga amazi. Ni umuyoboro w'amazi uhiganwa cyane, uzagira uruhare rutagereranywa mu kuzamura ubwiza bw'amazi no kuzamura imibereho y'abantu.
Muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi yo kubaka, kubera ko umuyoboro wicyuma wa galvanise warangije amateka yicyubahiro cyimyaka ijana, imiyoboro mishya itandukanye ya pulasitike hamwe nu miyoboro ikomatanya byateye imbere byihuse, ariko imiyoboro inyuranye iracyafite inenge muburyo butandukanye, ikaba itari kure yuzuye. kuzuza ibikenewe muri sisitemu yo gutanga amazi nibisabwa mu gihugu amazi yo kunywa hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’amazi bijyanye. Kubwibyo, abahanga bireba bavuga ko kubaka imiyoboro itanga amazi amaherezo bizagaruka mugihe cyimiyoboro yicyuma. Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwo gusaba mumahanga, umuyoboro wicyuma utagira ibyuma bizwi nkimwe mu miyoboro ifite imikorere myiza yuzuye.
Umuyoboro muto cyane utagira umuyonga, wakozwe kandi ukoreshwa mu Bushinwa mu mpera za 90, ni umuryango mushya ugaragara mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho. Yakoreshejwe cyane mu kubaka amazi no gutangiza imiyoboro y'amazi yo kunywa.
Umuyoboro muto w'icyuma utagira umuyonga uramba kandi wamenyekanye n’umushinga w’ubwubatsi, kandi amashyaka bireba atangira kugabanya ubukana bwurukuta no kugabanya igiciro, kugirango byoroherezwe kuzamurwa mu ntera. By'umwihariko, igiciro cyumubyimba muto wa diametre umuyoboro wicyuma ntabwo kiri hejuru, kuburyo rero uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa, kwizerwa nigiciro cyibikoresho byo mu miyoboro nibyo bintu nyamukuru bigena iterambere ryayo. Iterambere ry’imbere mu gihugu ryateje imbere ubwigenge ikorana buhanga hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro ya Sichuan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu n'ahandi, akaba ari umuyoboro utanga icyizere. Minisiteri yubwubatsi ninzego zibishinzwe nazo zita cyane kuri ubu bwoko bushya bwimiyoboro. Nk’uko bigaragara mu itangazo ryerekeye kuzamura no gushyira mu bikorwa "diameter ndende ku kigereranyo cy’urukuta hamwe n’imiyoboro ihanitse y’icyuma giciriritse hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amazi meza, gushyigikira imiyoboro n’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe" byatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere isoko ry’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa na gksz [2001] Oya . 71 inyandiko, Gukwirakwiza no gushyira mu bikorwa tekinoroji y’icyuma n’ibicuruzwa bitagira umuyonga kandi bifite akamaro kanini mu kuzamura urwego rw’inyubako zigezweho z’Ubushinwa no kunoza no kwemeza amazi meza y’amazi.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, Minisiteri y’ubwubatsi ishimangira cyane guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro y’ibyuma bitagira umuyonga standard Urwego rw’inganda rw’umuyoboro w’amazi w’icyuma rutagira umuyonga rwatanzwe kandi rushyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2001. Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bijyanye no gushyiraho Atlas y’umuyoboro. ubwubatsi bwatanzwe na minisiteri yubwubatsi kandi burimo gutegurwa na kaminuza ya Tongji. Kugeza ubu, hari abakora umwuga wabigize umwuga muri Sichuan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu n'ahandi kugira ngo bakore imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, kandi ibicuruzwa bimaze gukura. Kubwibyo, igihe cyo kumenyekanisha no gusaba kirageze.
Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza imiyoboro idafite ibyuma. Ubwoko busanzwe bwibikoresho byo guhuza ni ubwoko bwo guhunika, ubwoko bwo guhonyora, ubwoko bwubumwe, gusunika ubwoko, gusunika ubwoko bwubwoko, socket welding ubwoko, guhuza flange ihuza, ubwoko bwo gusudira hamwe nuburyo bukurikirana bwo guhuza guhuza gusudira hamwe nu gakondo. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza bufite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukurikiza ukurikije amahame yabo, ariko ibyinshi biroroshye gushiraho, bihamye kandi byizewe. Ibyinshi mu bifunga impeta cyangwa ibikoresho bya gaze ikoreshwa muguhuza ni reberi ya silicone, reberi ya nitrile na EPDM byujuje ibisabwa mubipimo byigihugu, bikuraho impungenge zabakoresha.
1.Kumena imiyoboro: gabanya umuyoboro ukurikije uburebure bukenewe. Mugihe umena umuyoboro, ntukoreshe imbaraga nyinshi kugirango wirinde ko umuyoboro utaba uruziga.
2. Gutanga: umuyoboro umaze gucibwa, burr igomba gukurwaho kugirango wirinde guca impeta.
3. Ikimenyetso: kugirango winjize rwose umuyoboro wibyuma mumurongo wumuyoboro uhuza, uburebure bwinjizwamo bugomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso kandi bugashushanya kumpera yumuyoboro.
4. Inteko: impeta ya kashe igomba gushyirwaho neza muri U-groove yu muyoboro ukwiranye, shyiramo umuyoboro mumurongo wumuyoboro uhuza hanyuma utegereze kumeneka.
5. Kunyeganyega: mugihe cyo gutombora, igice cya convex cyumuyoboro gikwiranye gishyirwa mumurongo wogupfa wurupfu, kandi urwasaya ni perpendicular kumurongo wumuyoboro.
6. Ubugenzuzi: nyuma yo guhonyora, reba ingano yikurikiranya ukoresheje igipimo cyihariye.
