Ibisobanuro bitandukanye byibyuma bidafite ingese mububiko
Inzira y'ibicuruzwa igena imikorere yayo mike. Mubisanzwe, ubusobanuro bwumuyoboro wibyuma bidafite kashe ni buke: uburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye, urumuri ruto hejuru yimbere ninyuma yumuyoboro, igiciro kinini, hamwe na pockmark hamwe nibibara byirabura hejuru yimbere ninyuma ntibyoroshye kuvanaho; Kumenya no gushiraho bigomba gutunganywa kumurongo. Kubwibyo, ikubiyemo ibyiza byayo mumuvuduko mwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi nibikoresho byububiko.
Ukurikije imiterere ya metallografiya yicyuma, igabanyijemo igice cya Ferritic na semi martensitike idafite ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, umuyoboro wa martensitike utagira ibyuma, umuyoboro wa austenitike udafite ibyuma, umuyoboro wa austenitike ferritic umuyonga udafite icyuma, nibindi.
A.Ukurikije gb14975-2002 umuyoboro wicyuma udafite ingese, uburebure bwumuyoboro wicyuma mubusanzwe ni 1.5 ~ 10m kumuyoboro wicyuma ushyushye (uburebure butazwi), na 1m kumuyoboro ushushe. 1.0 ~ 7m kumuyoboro wicyuma ukonje (uzungurutse) ufite uburebure bwurukuta rwa 0.5 ~ 1.0mm; Niba uburebure bwurukuta burenze 1.0mm, 1.5 ~ 8m.
B.Hariho ubwoko 45 bwumuriro ushyushye (ushyushye ushyushye) imiyoboro yicyuma ifite diameter ya 54 ~ 480mm; Hariho ubwoko 36 bufite ubugari bwa 4.5 ~ 45mm. Hariho ubwoko 65 bwimbeho ikonje (izunguruka) ibyuma bifite diameter ya 6 ~ 200mm; Hariho amoko 39 afite uburebure bwa 0.5 ~ 21mm.
C.Imbere ninyuma yimiyoboro yicyuma igomba kuba idafite ibice, imizinga, umusazi, ibice, kuzunguruka, gusiba no gukomeretsa. Izi nenge zizakurwaho burundu (usibye imiyoboro yo gutunganya). Nyuma yo kuyikuraho, uburebure bwurukuta na diameter yo hanze ntibishobora kurenga gutandukana nabi. Ubundi busembwa buto butarenga gutandukana byemewe gutandukana ntibishobora kuvaho.
D.Ubujyakuzimu bwemewe. Imiyoboro ishyushye kandi ishyushye ikozwe mu byuma bifite diameter iri munsi cyangwa ingana na 140mm ntibishobora kurenza 5% by'uburebure bw'urukuta rw'izina, kandi ubujyakuzimu ntibushobora kurenza 0.5mm; Umuyoboro ukonje ukonje (uzungurutswe) ntushobora kurenza 4% yuburebure bwurukuta rwizina, kandi ubujyakuzimu ntibushobora kurenza 0.3mm.
E. Impera zombi z'umuyoboro w'icyuma zigomba gucibwa mu mfuruka iburyo hanyuma burrs zigakurwaho.
Ukurikije imiterere ya metallografiya yicyuma, igabanyijemo igice cya Ferritic na semi martensitike idafite ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, umuyoboro wa martensitike utagira ibyuma, umuyoboro wa austenitike udafite ibyuma, umuyoboro wa austenitike ferritic umuyonga udafite icyuma, nibindi.
1. Bishyushye bishyushye (umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyuma): umuyoboro uzengurutse ubusa → gushyushya → gutobora → kuzunguruka kwambukiranya, guhora kuzunguruka cyangwa gusohora → gukuramo imiyoboro → ubunini (cyangwa kugabanya) → gukonjesha → kugorora test ikizamini cya hydrostatike (cyangwa gutahura amakosa) → ikimenyetso → ububiko
Ibikoresho fatizo byo kuzunguruka umuyoboro udafite uburinganire ni umuyoboro wuzuye. Umuyoboro uzengurutse ubusa ugomba gutemwa no gutunganywa nuwatemye, naho ubusa hamwe no gukura nka 1m byoherezwa mu itanura kugirango bishyushya binyuze mu mukandara wa convoyeur. Inyemezabuguzi yoherejwe mu itanura ryo gushyushya ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 1200. Amavuta ni hydrogen cyangwa acetylene. Kugenzura ubushyuhe mu itanura nikibazo cyingenzi. Nyuma yuko umuyoboro uzengurutswe uva mu itanura, ugomba gutoborwa ukoresheje igitutu. Mubisanzwe, icyuho gikunze kugaragara ni conical roll piercer. Iyi piercer ifite umusaruro mwinshi, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kwaguka kwinshi kandi irashobora kwambara ibyuma bitandukanye. Nyuma yo gutobora, uruziga ruzengurutse ruzunguruka ruzunguruka ruzunguruka ruzunguruka, ruzunguruka cyangwa rusohoka. Nyuma yo gukuramo, kura umuyoboro kugirango ubunini. Imashini ingana izunguruka mu isoro ry'icyuma ku muvuduko mwinshi unyuze mu myitozo ya conique kugirango ikore umuyoboro w'icyuma. Diameter y'imbere y'umuyoboro w'icyuma ugenwa n'uburebure bwa diameter yo hanze ya mashini ingana bito. Nyuma yo gupima, umuyoboro wibyuma winjira muminara ikonjesha hanyuma ukonjeshwa namazi. Nyuma yo gukonjesha, umuyoboro wibyuma uzagororwa. Nyuma yo kugorora, umuyoboro wibyuma woherezwa mubyuma byerekana inenge (cyangwa ikizamini cya hydrostatike) n'umukandara wa convoyeur kugirango umenye inenge imbere. Niba hari uduce, ibibyimba nibindi bibazo imbere yumuyoboro wibyuma, bizamenyekana. Imiyoboro yicyuma igomba gutoranywa nintoki nyuma yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Umuyoboro wibyuma umaze kugenzurwa, umubare, ibisobanuro, nimero yumusaruro, nibindi bizaterwa irangi. Kandi yazamuye mu bubiko na kane.
2. Ubukonje bukonje (buzunguruka) umuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe: umuyoboro uzengurutswe → gushyushya → gutobora → umutwe → annealing → gutoranya → amavuta (isahani y'umuringa) → gushushanya byinshi bikonje (gukonjesha ubukonje) gutahura) → ikimenyetso → ububiko.
Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bukonje bukonje (buzungurutswe) umuyoboro wicyuma udafite icyerekezo kiragoye kuruta icyuma gishyushye (cyakuwe) icyuma kidafite icyuma. Intambwe eshatu zambere zuburyo bwabo bwo gukora zirasa cyane. Itandukaniro ritangirira ku ntambwe ya kane. Nyuma yumuzingi uzengurutswe ubusa, ugomba gutangira no gufatanwa. Nyuma yo gushiramo, aside idasanzwe ikoreshwa mugutoragura. Nyuma yo gutoragura, shyiramo amavuta. Noneho bikurikirwa no gushushanya byinshi bikonje gushushanya (gukonjesha gukonje) no kuvura ubushyuhe budasanzwe. Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, bizagororwa.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kubyaza umusaruro, irashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro ushyushye, umuyoboro ukonje ukonje, umuyoboro ukonje ukonje, umuyoboro usohoka, nibindi.
1.1. Umuyoboro ushyushye udafite ibyuma bidafite ingese muri rusange bikorerwa ku ruganda rwikora. Nyuma yo kugenzura no kuvanaho ubusembwa bwubuso, umuyoboro ukomeye wuzuye ucibwa muburebure busabwa, ugashyira kumaso yanyuma yumusozo wumuyoboro wangiritse, hanyuma ukoherezwa mu itanura rishyushya kugirango ushushe kandi usobekeranye. Mugihe cyo gutobora, irazunguruka kandi igakomeza. Munsi yigikorwa cyo kuzunguruka no gucomeka, akavuyo kagenda gahoro gahoro imbere mu muyoboro wuzuye, ibyo bita umuyoboro utoroshye. Noneho yoherejwe mumashanyarazi ikora kugirango ikomeze kuzunguruka. Ubwanyuma, uburebure bwurukuta rwahinduwe na mashini yose, kandi diameter igenwa na mashini nini kugirango yujuje ibisabwa. Nuburyo buhanitse bwo kubyara umuyoboro ushyushye utagira ibyuma ukoresheje urusyo rukomeza.
1.2. Niba ushaka kubona imiyoboro idafite ubunini nubunini buto kandi bwiza, ugomba gukoresha imbeho ikonje, gushushanya gukonje cyangwa guhuza byombi. Ubukonje bukonje busanzwe bukorerwa kumasyo abiri maremare. Umuyoboro wibyuma uzunguruka muri pass ya buri mwaka igizwe nigice gihindagurika cyizengurutswe hamwe nicyuma gihamye. Igishushanyo gikonje gikorerwa kumurongo umwe cyangwa imashini ebyiri zishushanya imashini ishushanya ya 0.5 ~ 100t.
1.3. Uburyo bwa Extrusion bivuze ko umuyoboro ushyushye ushyizwe muri silinderi ifunze, kandi inkoni isobekeranye igenda hamwe ninkoni yo gukuramo kugirango ikure igice cyakuwe mu mwobo muto. Ubu buryo bushobora kubyara imiyoboro ifite diameter nto.
Ubu bwoko bwumuyoboro wibyuma urashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bidafite ingese hamwe nicyuma cyuma gisudira (umuyoboro ucuramye), ushobora gukorwa ukurikije inzira zitandukanye zo gukora
Ubu bwoko bwibanze ni: kuzunguruka bishyushye, gukuramo, gushushanya imbeho no gukonja. Ukurikije imiterere yicyiciro, zirashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro uzenguruka hamwe numuyoboro udasanzwe. Umuyoboro w'icyuma uzenguruka ukoreshwa cyane, ariko hariho na bimwe bidasanzwe bifite imiyoboro idasanzwe idafite ibyuma nka kare, urukiramende, uruziga, impande esheshatu, mpandeshatu zingana na mpande enye.
Ikizamini cya Hydraulic kizakorwa kumuyoboro wibyuma ufite umuvuduko wamazi kugirango ugerageze guhangana nubwiza bwabyo. Byujuje ibisabwa niba nta kumeneka, gutose cyangwa kwaguka munsi yigitutu cyagenwe. Imiyoboro imwe n'imwe y'icyuma igomba kandi gukorerwa ikizamini cyo gutombora, ikizamini cyo gutwika no gupima ikizamini ukurikije ibipimo cyangwa ibisabwa uwabisabye.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ingese, uzwi kandi nk'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ingese, bikozwe mu byuma cyangwa umuyoboro ukomeye wambaye ubusa binyuze mu gutobora, hanyuma bigakorwa no kuzunguruka bishyushye, kuzunguruka bikonje cyangwa gushushanya bikonje. Ibisobanuro by'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyerekezo bigaragarira muri mm ya diameter yo hanze * ubugari bw'urukuta
Ukurikije imiterere ya metallografiya yicyuma, igabanyijemo igice cya Ferritic na semi martensitike idafite ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, umuyoboro wa martensitike utagira ibyuma, umuyoboro wa austenitike udafite ibyuma, umuyoboro wa austenitike ferritic umuyonga udafite icyuma, nibindi.
