Kugurisha ahantu hanini ya kalibiri y'urukiramende

Umuyoboro munini wa diametre, ufite igice cyuzuye, ukoreshwa cyane nk'umuyoboro wo gutanga amazi

Nkumuyoboro wo gutwara peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, gaze, amazi nibikoresho bimwe bikomeye. Ugereranije nicyuma gikomeye nkicyuma kizengurutse, umuyoboro wibyuma ufite kunama hamwe nimbaraga za torsional hamwe nuburemere bworoshye. Nicyuma cyubukungu. Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byubatswe hamwe nubukanishi, nkumuyoboro wamavuta ya peteroli, icyuma gikwirakwiza imodoka, ikinga ryamagare hamwe nicyuma gikoreshwa mubwubatsi. Gukora ibice byimpeta hamwe nu miyoboro yicyuma birashobora kunoza imikoreshereze yibikoresho, koroshya uburyo bwo gukora, no kubika ibikoresho namasaha yo gutunganya, nkimpeta zizunguruka, amaboko ya Jack, nibindi. Imiyoboro yicyuma yakoreshejwe cyane mubikorwa. Umuyoboro w'icyuma nawo ni ikintu cy'ingirakamaro ku bwoko bwose bw'intwaro zisanzwe. Imbunda y'imbunda na barrale bigomba gukorwa mu miyoboro y'icyuma. Umuyoboro w'icyuma urashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro uzengurutse hamwe n'umuyoboro udasanzwe ukurikije ahantu hatandukanye ndetse n'imiterere. Kuberako agace kazengurutswe nini nini muburyo bwo kuzenguruka bingana, amazi menshi arashobora gutwarwa numuyoboro uzenguruka. Mubyongeyeho, iyo igice cyimpeta gikorewe umuvuduko wimbere cyangwa hanze, imbaraga zirasa. Kubwibyo, imiyoboro myinshi yicyuma ni imiyoboro izengurutse. Nyamara, umuyoboro uzenguruka nawo ufite aho ugarukira. Kurugero, mugihe cyimiterere yindege igoramye, imbaraga zunama zumuyoboro uzenguruka ntabwo zikomeye nkiz'umurambararo n'umuyoboro urukiramende. Imiyoboro ya kare na urukiramende ikoreshwa muburyo bwimashini zimwe na zimwe zubuhinzi nibikoresho hamwe nibyuma nibikoresho byo mubiti. Imiyoboro idasanzwe ifite ibyuma hamwe nibindi bice bisabwa nayo irakenewe ukurikije intego zitandukanye.

1. Umuyoboro munini wa diameter kare yuburyo (GB / T8162-1999) numuyoboro munini wa diameter kare ya tariyeri yuburyo rusange nuburyo bwa mashini.

2. Umuyoboro munini wa diameter nini yo gutwara amazi (GB / t8163-1999) ni umuyoboro munini wa diameter nini ya kare ikoreshwa mu gutwara amazi, amavuta, gaze nandi mazi.

3. Imiyoboro minini ya diametre kubitereko byumuvuduko muke kandi uciriritse (GB3087-1999) ni ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone yubatswe ibyuma bishyushye kandi bikonje bikonje (bizunguruka) binini binini bya diametre kare yo gukora imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye cyane, imiyoboro y'amazi abira ibyuka bito kandi biciriritse. yuburyo butandukanye hamwe nigituba gishyushye cyane, imiyoboro minini yumwotsi, utubuto duto twumwotsi hamwe nigitereko cyamatafari yububiko bwa parike.

4.Imiyoboro minini ya diametre kubitereko byumuvuduko mwinshi (GB5310-1995) nicyuma cyiza cya karubone cyiza, ibyuma bivangavanze hamwe nicyuma kitarwanya ubushyuhe ibyuma binini bya diametre kare ikoreshwa mugukora ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwamazi yumuvuduko mwinshi kandi hejuru. 5. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa diameter kare ya diameter (GB6479-2000) kubikoresho byamafumbire mvaruganda nicyuma cyiza cya karubone cyubatswe cyiza hamwe nicyuma kinini cya diameter nini ya diametre ikwiranye nibikoresho bya shimi hamwe numuyoboro ufite ubushyuhe bwakazi - 40 ~ 400 ℃ hamwe nigitutu cyakazi ya 10 ~ 30mA.

6. Imiyoboro minini ya diametre ya peteroli yo gutobora peteroli (gb9948-88) ni umuyoboro munini wa diametre ya kaburimbo ikwiranye nigitereko cy itanura, guhanahana ubushyuhe hamwe nimiyoboro munganda za peteroli.

7. Umuyoboro wibyuma byo gucukura geologiya (yb235-70) numuyoboro wicyuma ukoreshwa nishami rya geologiya mugucukura intoki. Ukurikije intego, irashobora kugabanywamo imiyoboro ya drill, cola cola, umuyoboro wibanze, imiyoboro hamwe nubutaka.

8. Umuyoboro munini wa diameter kare (gb3423-82) yo gucukura diyama nini ya diametre nini ya diametre nini ya pipe yo gucukura, inkoni yibanze hamwe nigitereko gikoreshwa mu gucukura diyama.

9.Umuyoboro wo gucukura amavuta (yb528-65) numuyoboro munini wa diametre ukoreshwa muburyo bwo kubyimba imbere cyangwa hanze kumpande zombi zo gucukura peteroli. Umuyoboro wibyuma ugabanijwemo insinga zidahinduka. Umuyoboro uhinduranya insinga uhujwe nu rugingo, kandi umuyoboro udahindura insinga uhujwe nigikoresho gihuriweho na butt welding.

10.Umuyoboro wa karubone yo mu nyanja nini ya diameter kare (gb5213-85) ni umuyoboro wa karubone nini ya diameter nini ya sisitemu yo gukora icyiciro cya mbere cyumuvuduko wa sisitemu, icyiciro cya kabiri cyumuvuduko wa pisine, boiler na superheater. Ubushyuhe bwo gukora bwicyuma cya karubone nini ya diametre kare ya rukuta ntigishobora kurenga 450 and, kandi ubushyuhe bwakazi bwibyuma bivangavanze binini-diametre kare ya rukuta igomba kurenga 450 ℃.

11. Umuyoboro munini wa diametre ya kaburimbo ya kimwe cya kabiri cyimodoka (gb3088-82) nigituba gishyushye kinini cya diametre kare ya tari kare ikozwe mubyuma byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya karuboni yubatswe hamwe nicyuma cyubaka ibyuma byimodoka igice cya axe cyoroshye kandi kigatwara amazu ya axle.

12. Umuyoboro mwinshi wamavuta ya moteri ya mazutu (gb3093-2002) numuyoboro ukonje ukonje wa diameter nini ya diametre yo gukora umuyoboro mwinshi wa sisitemu yo gutera moteri ya mazutu.

13. Imbere ya diametre yimbere ya diameter nini ya tariyeri ya hydraulic na pneumatic silindre (GB8713-88) ni ubukonje bwashushanijwe cyangwa bukonje bukonje bwuzuye diameter nini ya diameter kare ifite diameter yimbere yo gukora ingunguru ya hydraulic na pneumatike.

14.Ubukonje bukonje cyangwa bukonje buzengurutswe neza nini ya diameter kare ya kare (GB3639-2000) nigishushanyo gikonje cyangwa gikonje cyerekanwe neza nini ya diameter kare ya kare ifite uburebure buringaniye kandi burangije neza kububiko bwa mashini nibikoresho bya hydraulic. Guhitamo neza nini ya diametre nini kugirango ikore imashini cyangwa ibikoresho bya hydraulic birashobora kubika cyane amasaha yo gukora, kunoza imikoreshereze yibikoresho no kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa.

15. Umuyoboro udafite ingese nini ya diametre ya kare ifite imiterere (GB / T14975-2002) ni umuyoboro ushyushye (ushyizwe hanze, wagutse) hamwe n'imbeho ikonje (yazungurutswe) umuyoboro munini wa diametre kare ikozwe mu byuma bidafite ingese ku miyoboro idashobora kwangirika, ibice byubatswe na ibice bikoreshwa cyane mubumashini, peteroli, imyenda yoroheje, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, imashini nizindi nganda.

16. Icyuma kinini kitagira umuyonga wa diameter kare yo gutwara amazi (GB / T14976-2002) numuyoboro ushyushye (ushyizwe hanze, wagutse) hamwe nubukonje bukurura (kuzunguruka) umuyoboro munini wa diameter kare wakozwe mubyuma bitagira umuyonga wo gutwara amazi.

17.Umuyoboro udasanzwe ufite ubunini bwa diameter nini ni izina rusange ryumurambararo wa diameter nini hamwe nizindi shusho usibye umuyoboro uzenguruka. Ukurikije imiterere nubunini butandukanye bwicyuma cyicyuma, gishobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro udasanzwe ufite umubyimba munini wa diametre ufite uburebure bungana (code D), umuyoboro udasanzwe ufite ubunini bwa diametre kare ifite uburebure butandukanye (code BD) n'umuyoboro udasanzwe udafite icyuma gifite diameter ihindagurika (code BJ). Imiyoboro idasanzwe ifite ubunini bwa diametre urukiramende ikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye byubatswe, ibikoresho nibice bya mashini. Ugereranije n'umuyoboro uzenguruka, umuyoboro udasanzwe ufite ubusanzwe ufite umwanya munini wa inertia hamwe na modulus yo mu gice, kandi ufite imbaraga nyinshi zo kunama no kurigata, bishobora kugabanya cyane uburemere bwimiterere no kubika ibyuma.

Inenge nyinshi zumurongo wa kwaduka ziterwa no gutobora, bityo inzira yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya kare ya kare ni inzira nyamukuru yo kubyara umuyoboro wa kare. Ingorane nyamukuru yo gutobora hejuru ya alloy iri murwego rwo hasi rwo gutobora. Kugirango tumenye ubuziranenge, birakenewe guhitamo mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibipimo byo guhindura ibintu. Gucomeka gato bizatera ihungabana mugikorwa cyo gutobora, mugihe rero compression ikomeye ari nto, icyuma kigomba kuba imbere, kandi compression igashyirwa kuri 7%, bitabaye ibyo ntizaruma, cyangwa ngo yongere ingendo cyangwa kubona yagumye imbere. Ubwiyongere bwa compression imbere yicyuma nabwo buzakora umwobo wumwobo kandi burohamye inenge mumajwi. Kubwibyo, niba ushaka gukemura ikibazo cya serivisi zabakiriya, umuyoboro wubusa ugomba kuba hagati, kandi ubujyakuzimu bwubusa bugomba kugereranywa ukurikije amanota yicyuma. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo gushyushya nubushyuhe bwo gusohoka nibisabwa kugirango ubushyuhe bugerweho. Ubwiza bwo gushyushya bushingiye ahanini kubikorwa byo gushyushya no gushyushya. Coefficient ntoya ya elliptique irashobora kuzamura ubwiza bwa capillary kandi igabanya ihinduka ryimikorere. Nyamara, coefficient ya ellipse ni nto cyane, izatera ingorane zo kuzunguruka ibice, ndetse biganisha no kwambara isahani yubuyobozi, byoroshye gutera inenge hejuru. Kubwibyo, kwambara icyapa kiyobora bigomba kugenzurwa muri rusange mugihe ubwato buhambiriye umuyoboro wa kare. Iyo bimaze kuboneka, bigomba gusimburwa ako kanya. Urwego rwa ellipse rugomba kugenzurwa murwego rwa 1.07-1.08. Ihindura imikorere isanzwe yuburyo bukurikiraho, kimwe nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gushyushya igituba kare cyuzuye, nacyo kigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibicuruzwa byarangiye.