Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite kashe iri mu bubiko
Umuyoboro w'icyuma ntukoreshwa gusa mu gutanga amazi n'ibifu gusa, guhana ingufu z'ubushyuhe, gukora ibice bya mashini n'ibikoresho, ahubwo ni n'icyuma cy'ubukungu. Gukoresha umuyoboro wibyuma kugirango wubake inyubako ya gride, inkingi hamwe nubukanishi birashobora kugabanya uburemere, kuzigama ibyuma 20 ~ 40%, no kumenya kubaka inganda na mashini. Gukora ibiraro byumuhanda ufite imiyoboro yicyuma ntibishobora kuzigama ibyuma gusa no koroshya ubwubatsi, ariko kandi bigabanya cyane ubuso bwo gukingira no kuzigama amafaranga yo gushora no kubungabunga. Imiyoboro yicyuma irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro: imiyoboro yicyuma idafite icyerekezo hamwe nicyuma gisudira. Imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira ivugwa nk'imiyoboro isudira mugihe gito.
1. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite kashe urashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro ushyushye utagira kashe, umuyoboro ushushanyije ukonje, umuyoboro w'icyuma usobanutse, umuyoboro wagutse ushyushye, umuyoboro uzunguruka ukonje hamwe n'umuyoboro usohoka ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora.
Umuyoboro udafite ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma cyiza cya karubone cyangwa ibyuma bivangavanze, bishobora kugabanwa mu gushyushya no gukonjesha (gushushanya).
2.Umuyoboro w'icyuma usudira ugabanijwemo itanura ryo gusudira, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi (welding resistance) n'umuyoboro wa arc weld wikora bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira. Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira, bugabanijwemo imiyoboro igororotse hamwe nu muyoboro uzunguruka. Bitewe nimiterere yacyo ya nyuma, igabanijwemo umuyoboro uzengurutswe hamwe nu shusho idasanzwe (kare, iringaniye, nibindi).
Umuyoboro w'icyuma usudira wakozwe mu isahani izengurutswe no gusudira hamwe na buto ifatanye cyangwa izunguruka. Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gukora, bugabanijwe kandi mu byuma bisudira kugirango bikwirakwizwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’amazi, imiyoboro y’icyuma isudira, umuyoboro w’icyuma uzunguruka, umuyoboro w’icyuma, n'ibindi. mu nganda zitandukanye. Imiyoboro isudira irashobora gukoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi, imiyoboro ya gaze, imiyoboro ishyushya, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi.
Ibikoresho bya mashini yicyuma nigipimo cyingenzi kugirango serivisi zanyuma (imitungo yubukanishi) yicyuma, biterwa nibigize imiti hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwibyuma. Mubipimo byumuyoboro wibyuma, ukurikije serivisi zitandukanye zisabwa, imitungo ihindagurika (imbaraga zingana, imbaraga zitanga umusaruro cyangwa aho zitanga umusaruro, kuramba), gukomera no kwerekana ubukana, kimwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke busabwa nabakoresha.
Imbaraga ntarengwa (FB) zitwarwa nicyitegererezo mugihe cy'impagarara, zigabanijwe nigice cyambere cyambukiranya igice (so) cyikigereranyo (σ), Yitwa imbaraga zingana (σ b), muri N / mm2 (MPA). Yerekana ubushobozi ntarengwa bwibikoresho byibyuma byo kunanirwa kunanirwa.
Kubikoresho byibyuma bifite umusaruro mwinshi, guhangayika mugihe urugero rushobora gukomeza kuramba bitiyongereye (kugumya guhora) guhangayika mugihe cyibihe byiswe umusaruro. Niba imihangayiko igabanutse, ingingo zo hejuru no hepfo zitanga umusaruro. Igice cy'umusaruro ni n / mm2 (MPA).
Umusaruro wo hejuru (σ Su): guhangayikishwa cyane mbere yuko umusaruro wintangarugero ugabanuka kunshuro yambere; Ingingo yo gutanga umusaruro muke (σ SL): guhangayikishwa byibuze murwego rwo gutanga umusaruro mugihe ingaruka zambere ako kanya zidasuzumwe.
Ibiharuro byo kubara umusaruro ni:
Aho: FS - gutanga umusaruro (guhoraho) by'icyitegererezo mugihe cy'impagarara, n (Newton) rero - umwimerere wambukiranya igice cy'icyitegererezo, mm2.
Mu kizamini cya tensile, ijanisha ryuburebure ryiyongereye nuburebure bwa gauge yicyitegererezo nyuma yo kumena uburebure bwambere bwitwa kwitwa kuramba. hamwe σ Byerekanwe muri%. Inzira yo kubara ni: σ = （Lh-Lo） / L0 * 100%
Aho: LH - gupima uburebure nyuma yicyitegererezo, mm; L0 - uburebure bw'umwimerere bw'icyitegererezo, mm.
Mu kizamini cya tensile, ijanisha riri hagati yo kugabanuka kwinshi kwagace kambukiranya igice cya diameter yagabanijwe nu gice cyambere cyambukiranya igice nyuma yikigereranyo kimenetse byitwa kugabanya agace. hamwe na ψ Byerekanwe muri%. Inzira yo kubara niyi ikurikira:
Aho: S0 - umwimerere wambukiranya igice cyicyitegererezo, mm2; S1 - byibuze byambukiranya igice kuri diameter yagabanutse nyuma yo kumena icyitegererezo, mm2.
Ubushobozi bwibikoresho byicyuma cyo kurwanya indentation yibintu bikomeye byitwa gukomera. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwikizamini hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa, ubukana burashobora kugabanywamo ubukana bwa Brinell, ubukana bwa Rockwell, ubukana bwa Vickers, ubukana bwinkombe, microhardness hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije. Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers gukomera bikoreshwa mubisanzwe.
Kanda umupira wicyuma cyangwa umupira wa karbide wa sima hamwe na diametre runaka hejuru yicyitegererezo hamwe nimbaraga zipimishije (f), ukureho imbaraga zipimisha nyuma yigihe cyagenwe cyo gufata, hanyuma upime diameter ya indentation (L) hejuru yicyitegererezo. Umubare ukomeye wa Brinell nigipimo cyabonetse mukugabanya imbaraga zipimisha nubuso bwa serefegitura ya indentation. Byerekanwe muri HBS (umupira wibyuma), igice: n / mm2 (MPA).
Aho: F - imbaraga zo kugerageza zikandagiye hejuru yicyitegererezo, N; D - diameter yumupira wibyuma kugirango ugerageze, mm; D - impuzandengo ya diameter ya indentation, mm.
Kugena ubukana bwa Brinell birasobanutse neza kandi byizewe, ariko muri rusange HBS ikoreshwa gusa mubyuma biri munsi ya 450N / mm2 (MPA), ntabwo ari ibyuma bikomeye cyangwa amasahani yoroheje. Gukomera kwa Brinell nikoreshwa cyane mubipimo byicyuma. Indanganturo ya diameter D ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango igaragaze ubukana bwibintu, byoroshye kandi byoroshye.
Urugero: 120hbs10 / 1000/30: bivuze ko agaciro gakomeye ka Brinell gupimwa ukoresheje umupira wibyuma wa diametero 10mm ukoresheje igeragezwa rya 1000kgf (9.807kn) imbaraga zapima 30s ni 120N / mm2 (MPA).
