Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyerekezo cyo kugurisha ibikoresho bitandukanye
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikizinga usobekeranye n'ibyuma byose bizengurutse, kandi umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ubudodo hejuru yiswe umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite kashe. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, umuyoboro wibyuma udafite kashe urashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro wicyuma ushyushye utagira icyuma, umuyoboro wicyuma utagira icyuma, umuyoboro wicyuma udakonje, umuyoboro wicyuma udafite icyuma, umuyoboro wicyuma udafite icyuma, umuyoboro wa jacking, nibindi. Ukurikije imiterere yicyiciro, nta kashe. imiyoboro y'ibyuma igabanijwemo imiyoboro izenguruka kandi idasanzwe. Imiyoboro idasanzwe ifite imiterere itandukanye igoye nka kare, oval, mpandeshatu, impande esheshatu, imbuto ya melon, inyenyeri hamwe nimiyoboro yamababa. Diameter ntarengwa ni 900mm naho diameter ntarengwa ni 4mm. Ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye, hariho urukuta rwinshi rutagira umuyoboro wicyuma hamwe nurukuta ruto rutagira icyuma. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udakoreshwa cyane cyane nk'umuyoboro wa peteroli wa geologiya, umuyoboro ucuruza inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, umuyoboro utetse, umuyoboro utwara imiyoboro hamwe n'umuyoboro w'icyuma wubatswe neza cyane ku binyabiziga, ibinyabiziga n'indege.
1.Intego rusange yicyuma idafite icyerekezo kizunguruka nicyuma gisanzwe cyubatswe nicyuma gisanzwe, ibyuma bito byubatswe byubatswe cyangwa ibyuma byubatswe, hamwe nibisohoka byinshi. Ikoreshwa cyane nkumuyoboro cyangwa ibice byubaka mugutanga amazi.
2. Hariho ubwoko butatu bwo gutanga ukurikije intego zitandukanye:
a. Gutanga ukurikije imiterere yimiti nubukanishi;
b. Gutanga ukurikije imiterere yubukanishi;
c.Yatanzwe nkikizamini cya hydrostatike. Niba umuyoboro wibyuma watanzwe ukurikije icyiciro A na B ukoreshwa mugutwara umuvuduko wamazi, ugomba no kwipimisha hydrostatike.
3. Imiyoboro idafite intego kubintu byihariye harimo imiyoboro idafite amashyanyarazi, amashanyarazi n’imashanyarazi, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma bya geologiya hamwe n’imiyoboro idafite peteroli.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyuma ufite igice cyuzuye kandi ukoreshwa cyane nk'umuyoboro wo gutanga amazi, nk'umuyoboro wo kugeza peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, gaze, amazi n'ibikoresho bimwe bikomeye. Ugereranije nicyuma gikomeye nkicyuma kizengurutse, umuyoboro wibyuma ufite imbaraga zingana na torsional hamwe nuburemere bworoshye. Nicyuma cyubukungu.
Ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibice byubatswe hamwe nibice byubukanishi, nkumuyoboro wamavuta ya peteroli, icyuma cyohereza ibinyabiziga, ikarita yamagare hamwe nicyuma gikoreshwa mubwubatsi. Irashobora kunoza imikoreshereze yibikoresho, koroshya inzira yo gukora, kubika ibikoresho namasaha yo gutunganya. Yakozwe cyane hamwe numuyoboro wibyuma.
① Ibikorwa nyamukuru byumusaruro ushyushye utagira ibyuma (process inzira nyamukuru yo kugenzura):
Gutegura no kugenzura imiyoboro irimo ubusa △ → gushyushya imiyoboro idafite → gutobora → kuzunguruka umuyoboro → gushyushya umuyoboro wibyuma → ubunini (kugabanya) treatment kuvura ubushyuhe △ → kugorora imiyoboro irangiye → kurangiza → kugenzura △ ) → ububiko
② Ibikorwa nyamukuru byumusaruro ukonje (ushushanyije) umuyoboro wicyuma:
Gutegura neza → gutoragura no gusiga → kuzunguruka (gushushanya) treatment kuvura ubushyuhe → kugorora → kurangiza → kugenzura
Igikorwa rusange cyo gukora ibyuma bidafite ibyuma birashobora kugabanywa gushushanya bikonje no kuzunguruka. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro imiyoboro ikonje idafite ubukonje muri rusange iragoye kuruta kuzunguruka. Umuyoboro wuzuye ugomba kubanza gukorerwa imizingo itatu ikomeza kuzunguruka, kandi ikizamini cyo gupima kizakorwa nyuma yo gusohora. Niba ubuso budasubije kumeneka, umuyoboro uzengurutse ugomba gutemwa nuwatemye kugirango ugabanye ubusa hamwe no gukura kwa metero imwe. Noneho andika inzira ya annealing. Annealing igomba gutorwamo amazi ya aside. Mugihe cyo gutoragura, witondere niba hari umubare munini wibibyimba hejuru. Niba hari umubare munini wibibyimba, byerekana ko ubwiza bwumuyoboro wibyuma budashobora kubahiriza ibipimo bihuye. Kugaragara kw'imiyoboro y'icyuma ikonje ikonje ni ngufi ugereranije n'iy'icyuma gishyushye kidafite icyuma. Ubunini bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ubukonje muri rusange usanga ari muto ugereranije n'uw'umuyoboro w'icyuma ushyushye utagira icyuma, ariko ubuso busa neza cyane kuruta ubw'urukuta runini rutagira icyuma. Ubuso ntibukabije kandi diameter ntabwo burr nyinshi.
Imiterere yo gutanga imiyoboro ishyushye idafite icyuma isanzwe ishyushye kandi itangwa nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Nyuma yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, umuyoboro wicyuma ushyushye utagira icyuma ugomba gutoranywa nintoki nabakozi. Nyuma yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, hejuru igomba gusiga amavuta, hagakurikiraho ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwo gushushanya. Nyuma yo kuzunguruka bishyushye, hazakorwa igeragezwa ryo gutobora. Niba kwaguka gutobora ari binini cyane, bizagororwa kandi bikosorwe. Nyuma yo kugorora, yoherezwa kuri disiketi ya inenge na convoyeur kugirango isuzume amakosa. Hanyuma, byanditseho bigashyirwa mububiko nyuma yuburyo bwihariye.
Umuyoboro uzengurutse ubusa → gushyushya → gutobora → kuzunguruka kuzunguruka, guhora kuzunguruka cyangwa gusohora → gukuramo imiyoboro → ubunini (cyangwa kugabanya) → gukonjesha → kugorora test ikizamini cya hydrostatike (cyangwa gutahura inenge) → ikimenyetso → ububiko bwuzuye ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma. cyangwa umuyoboro ukomeye unyuze mu gutobora, hanyuma ushushe ushyushye, ubukonje buzunguruka cyangwa bukonje. Ibisobanuro by'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyerekezo bigaragarira muri mm ya diameter yo hanze * ubugari bw'urukuta.
Diameter yinyuma yumuyoboro ushyushye utagira umuyonga muri rusange urenze 32mm, naho uburebure bwurukuta ni 2,5-200mm. Diameter yinyuma yumuyaga wicyuma udafite icyuma gishobora kugera kuri 6mm, uburebure bwurukuta burashobora kugera kuri 0.25mm, diameter yinyuma yumuyoboro muto uruzitiro rushobora kugera kuri 5mm, naho uburebure bwurukuta ntiburi munsi ya 0.25mm. Ubukonje bukonje bufite uburinganire buringaniye kuruta gushyuha.
Mubisanzwe, imiyoboro yicyuma idafite ubudodo ikozwe mubyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone nka 10, 20, 30, 35 na 45, ibyuma byubatswe buke nka 16Mn na 5mnv, cyangwa ibyuma bifatanye nka 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 45Mn2 na 40MnB. 10. Imiyoboro idafite ubudodo ikozwe mu byuma bya karubone nkeya nka 20 bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro yohereza amazi. Imiyoboro idafite ubudodo ikozwe mu cyuma giciriritse giciriritse nka 45 na 40Cr ikoreshwa mu gukora ibice bya mashini, nk'ibice bitsindagiye by'imodoka na za romoruki. Mubisanzwe, imbaraga nogupima ibizamini byumuyoboro wicyuma bigomba gukemurwa. Imiyoboro ishyushye yicyuma igomba gutangwa muburyo bushyushye cyangwa uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe; Ubukonje bukonje butangwa muburyo bwo kuvura.
Kuzunguruka bishyushye, nkuko izina ribivuga, ubushyuhe bwigice cyiziritse ni kinini, bityo kurwanya ihindagurika ni bito kandi binini birashobora kugaragara. Dufashe kuzunguruka isahani yicyuma nkurugero, uburebure bwikibaho gikomeza guteramo ubusanzwe ni 230mm, mugihe nyuma yo kuzunguruka no kurangiza kuzunguruka, uburebure bwa nyuma ni 1 ~ 20mm. Igihe kimwe, kubera ko ubugari bwubugari bwikigereranyo cyicyuma ari gito kandi ibisabwa kugirango uburinganire buringaniye buringaniye, ikibazo cyimiterere ntabwo cyoroshye kubaho, kandi ubwumvikane bugenzurwa cyane. Kubafite ibyifuzo byubuyobozi, mubisanzwe bigerwaho binyuze mukuzunguruka no kugenzura gukonjesha, ni ukuvuga kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gutangira ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo kuzunguruka. Umuyoboro uzengurutse ubusa → gushyushya → gutobora → umutwe → annealing → gutoranya → amavuta (isahani y'umuringa) → gushushanya byinshi bikonje (gukonjesha gukonje)
