Igicuruzwa kinini cya diameter kitagira ibyuma
Umuyoboro w'icyuma ni ubwoko bw'icyuma kirekire kizengurutse, gikoreshwa cyane mu miyoboro yohereza inganda nka peteroli, inganda z’imiti, ubuvuzi, ibiryo, inganda zoroheje, ibikoresho bya mashini n'ibikoresho byubaka. Mubyongeyeho, iyo imbaraga zunamye hamwe na torsional ari zimwe, uburemere bworoheje, bityo bukoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byubukanishi nububiko. Irakoreshwa kandi nkibikoresho, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, nibindi.
Indangantego ya Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers ikoreshwa mugupima ubukana bwimiyoboro idafite ibyuma.
Ubukomezi bwa Brinell nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane kumuyoboro wibyuma. Indanganturo ya diameter ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango igaragaze ubukana bwibintu, byoroshye kandi byoroshye. Ariko, ntabwo ikoreshwa kumiyoboro yicyuma ifite ibyuma bikomeye cyangwa byoroshye.
Ikizamini gikomeye cya Rockwell cyumuyoboro wicyuma ni kimwe nikizamini cya Brinell gikomeye, nuburyo bwo gupima indentation. Itandukaniro nuko ripima ubujyakuzimu bwa indentation. Ikizamini gikomeye cya Rockwell nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane, aho HRC iri kumwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya Brinell gukomera Hb mubipimo byibyuma. Ubukomezi bwa Rockwell burashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ibikoresho byuma kuva byoroshye cyane kugeza bikomeye. Cyuzuye kubibi byuburyo bwa Brinell. Nibyoroshye kuruta uburyo bwa Brinell kandi burashobora gusoma byimazeyo agaciro gakomeye uhereye kumashini yimashini. Ariko, kubera indentasiyo ntoya, agaciro gakomeye ntabwo kukuri nkuburyo bwa Brinell.
Ikizamini cya Vickers gikomeye cyumuyoboro wicyuma nacyo ni uburyo bwo gupima indentation, bushobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ubukana bwibikoresho byoroheje cyane kandi byubatswe hejuru. Ifite ibyiza byingenzi byuburyo bwa Brinell na Rockwell kandi bunesha amakosa yabo yibanze, ariko ntabwo byoroshye nkuburyo bwa Rockwell. Uburyo bwa Vickers ntibukoreshwa gake mubipimo byicyuma.
W-b75 Igeragezwa rya Vickers irashobora gukoreshwa kumuyoboro wibyuma udafite ingese hamwe na diameter y'imbere ya 6.0mm hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta ruri munsi ya 13mm. Nibyihuta cyane kandi byoroshye, kandi birakwiriye kugenzurwa byihuse kandi bidafite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imiyoboro idafite ibyuma. Ku miyoboro idafite ibyuma idafite diameter y'imbere irenze 30mm n'ubugari bw'urukuta burenze 1,2mm, ibizamini bya Rockwell bizakoreshwa mu gupima HRB na HRC. Ku miyoboro idafite ibyuma idafite diameter y'imbere irenze 30mm n'ubugari bw'urukuta ruri munsi ya 1,2mm, igeragezwa rya Rockwell igerageza izakoreshwa mugupima HRT cyangwa gukomera. Ku miyoboro y'icyuma idafite umuyonga ufite diameter iri munsi ya 0mm kandi irenga 4.8mm, koresha ibizamini bidasanzwe bya Rockwell bigerageza imiyoboro kugirango ugerageze ubukana bwa hr15t. Iyo umurambararo w'imbere w'umuyoboro w'icyuma utarenze 26mm, Rockwell cyangwa hejuru ya testwell ikomeye ya Rockwell nayo irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ubukana bwurukuta rwimbere rwumuyoboro.
Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma igabanyijemo imiyoboro isanzwe ya karubone, imiyoboro yo mu rwego rwohejuru ya karubone yubatswe, imiyoboro yubatswe, imiyoboro y'ibyuma, ibyuma bitwara ibyuma, imiyoboro idafite ibyuma, imiyoboro ya bimetallic, imiyoboro isize kandi isize kugirango ibike ibyuma by'agaciro kandi ihure bidasanzwe ibisabwa. Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma ifite ubwoko butandukanye, imikoreshereze itandukanye, ibisabwa bya tekiniki zitandukanye nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Kugeza ubu, diameter yo hanze yimiyoboro yicyuma ni 0.1-4500mm naho uburebure bwurukuta ni 0.01-250mm. Kugirango tumenye ibiranga, imiyoboro y'ibyuma isanzwe ishyirwa muburyo bukurikira.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma urashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro udafite kashe hamwe n'umuyoboro usudira ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite uburinganire urashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro ushyushye, umuyoboro ukonje, umuyoboro ukonje ukonje hamwe n'umuyoboro usohoka. Igishushanyo gikonje hamwe no gukonjesha bikonje nuburyo bwa kabiri bwo gutunganya ibyuma; Umuyoboro wo gusudira ugabanijwemo umuyoboro ugororotse hamwe n'umuyoboro usudira.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma urashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro uzengurutse hamwe n'umuyoboro udasanzwe ukurikije imiterere ihuza ibice. Imiyoboro idasanzwe irimo imiyoboro y'urukiramende, igituba cya rombike, imiyoboro ya elliptique, imiyoboro ya mpande esheshatu, imiyoboro ya octagonal hamwe na tariyeri zitandukanye zidasanzwe. Umuyoboro udasanzwe ukoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye byubatswe, ibikoresho nibice bya mashini. Ugereranije n'umuyoboro uzenguruka, umuyoboro udasanzwe ufite ubusanzwe ufite umwanya munini wa inertia hamwe na modulus igice, kandi ufite imbaraga nini zo kunama no kurigata, bishobora kugabanya cyane uburemere bwimiterere no kubika ibyuma.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma urashobora kugabanywamo ibice bingana hamwe n'umuyoboro uhinduka ukurikije imiterere. Imiyoboro ihindagurika irimo imiyoboro ya conical, imiyoboro ikandagiye hamwe nigihe cyicyiciro.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma ushobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro woroshye hamwe n'umuyoboro uhujwe (umuyoboro w'icyuma uhuza) ukurikije uko impera irangirira. Umuyoboro wogosha urashobora kandi kugabanywamo umuyoboro usanzwe wumuyoboro (umuyoboro wo gutanga umuvuduko muke nkamazi na gaze, uhujwe numuyoboro usanzwe wa silindrike cyangwa umuyoboro usanzwe) hamwe numuyoboro udasanzwe (umuyoboro wa peteroli no gucukura geologiya, uhujwe nibidasanzwe urudodo rwumuyoboro wingenzi). Ku miyoboro imwe yihariye, murwego rwo gukora kugirango habeho ingaruka zurudodo ku mbaraga zumuyoboro wanyuma, umuyoboro wanyuma wijimye (kubyimba imbere imbere Kwiyongera hanze cyangwa kubyimba imbere no hanze).
Ukurikije intego, irashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro wamavuta ya peteroli (ikariso, umuyoboro wamavuta numuyoboro wa drill), umuyoboro wumuyoboro, umuyoboro wogosha, umuyoboro wububiko bwa mashini, umuyoboro wa hydraulic prop, umuyoboro wa gaze ya gaz, umuyoboro wa geologiya, umuyoboro wa chimique (umuvuduko ukabije umuyoboro w'ifumbire, umuyoboro wa peteroli) hamwe n'umuyoboro wo mu nyanja.
Ibikoresho bito - gucamo ibice - gukora imiyoboro isudira - gusana amaherezo - gusiga - Kugenzura (gucapa spray) - Gupakira - gutanga (ububiko) (umuyoboro usudira).
Ibikoresho bibisi - gucamo ibice - gukora imiyoboro isudira - gutunganya ubushyuhe - Gukosora - kugorora - gusana kurangiza - gutoragura - Ikizamini cya Hydrostatike - Kugenzura (gucapa spray) - gupakira - gutanga (ububiko) (imiyoboro ya gusudira imiyoboro y'inganda).
